Saturday, 20 July 2013

Indian Police & Tamil Nadu Police

Indian Police Service
Indian Police Service

Service overview
Abbreviation I.P.S.
Formed 1948[1]
Country  India
Training ground Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad
Controlling authority Ministry of Home Affairs
Legal personality Government service
General nature Federal law enforcement
Preceding service Imperial Police Service (1893–1948)[1]
Cadre size 4730 (2011)[2]
Service colour Dark blue and red
        
Uniform colour Khaki[3]
    
Website Official site
Service Chief

Director Intelligence Bureau (IB)
Current: Syed Asif Ibrahim
Head of the Civil Services

Cabinet Secretary
Current: Ajit Seth
The Indian Police Service (Hindi: भारतीय पुलिस सेवा, Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā), simply known as Indian Police or IPS, is one of the three All India Services civil services of the Government of India.[4] In 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain, the Imperial Police Service (IPS) was replaced by the Indian Police Service.

Objective

The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and defined the police as a governmental department to maintain order, enforce the law, and to prevent and detect crime. The Indian Police Service is not a force itself but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Para-Military Forces. Its members, who are all at least university graduates, are the senior officers of the police. With the passage of time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined, the current rules and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows:[5]
Armoured vehicles and personnel of the Mumbai Police Force.
Greater Chennai Police patrol car.
  • Last but not the least, to lead and command the force with courage, uprightness, dedication and a strong sense of service to the people.
  • Endeavour to inculcate in the police forces under their command such values and norms as would help them serve the people better.
  • Inculcate integrity of the highest order, sensitivity to aspirations of people in a fast-changing social and economic milieu, respect for human rights, broad liberal perspective of law and justice and high standard of professionalism.

History

Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by the Secretary of State on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for admission to the service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as probationers in the Indian (Imperial) Police. It is not possible to pinpoint an exact date on which the Indian Police came formally into being. Around 1907, the Secretary of State's officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on their epaulettes in order to distinguish them from the other officers not recruited by the Secretary of State through examination. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point.[1] In 1948, a year after India gained independence; the Imperial Police was replaced by IPS.

Cadre strength

The authorised cadre strength of Indian Police Service is 4720. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1450 Promotional Posts).[6] Posted 20 December 2012 Vol 3 Issue 50

Selection

National Police Memorial New Delhi
IPS officers are recruited from the state police cadres and from the rigorous Civil Services Examination conducted by Union Public Service Commission every year.[7] Due to an ongoing shortage of police officers in India, the Ministry of Home Affairs proposed the creation of an Indian Police Service Limited Competitive Examination to be conducted by UPSC.[8]
The Civil Services Examination has a three stage competitive selection process. At stage one, there is an objective type examination called the preliminary exam. This is a qualifying examination. It consists of a General Studies paper and an aptitude test. Only the candidates who pass this can appear for the "Main Examination" which consists of eight papers. Each candidate has to select an optional subject, apart from which all candidates have to take four General Studies papers, an Essay and an English language paper. This is followed by an personal interview.
After selection for the IPS, candidates are allocated to a cadre. There is one cadre in each Indian state, with the exception of three joint cadres: Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur-Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT). Two-thirds of the strength of every cadre is filled directly by IPS officers and the remaining are promoted from the respective states cadre officers.

Pay structure

Grade Position in the State Government(s) Salary Equivalent Position or Designation in the State Government(s) or Government of India (GOI)
Above Super Time Scale (Apex Scale) Commissioner of Police (State) INR80,000 (fixed) plus grade pay-Nil Director General of Police – Only one cadre post, all other DGPs are in HAG + scale of Rs75,500–80,000, Director (GOI), Director General (GOI), Secretary (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Above Super Time Scale (HAG)(Pay-Band-4) Special Commissioner of Police INR67,000-INR79,000 Additional Director General of Police, Commissioner of Police (City), Special or Additional Director (GOI), Special or Additional Secretary (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Super Time Scale (Senior Administrative Grade)(Pay-Band-4) Joint Commissioner of Police INR37,400-INR67,000 plus grade pay of INR10,000 Inspector General of Police, Commissioner of Police (City), Joint Secretary if empanelled as such (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Super Time Scale (DIG/Conservator Grade)(Pay-Band-4) Additional Commissioner of Police INR37,400-INR67,000 plus grade pay of INR8900 Deputy Inspector General of Police, Commissioner of Police (City), Director (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Selection Grade(Pay-Band-4) Deputy Commissioner of Police if in the Selection Grade 37,400-INR67,000 plus grade Pay of INR8700 Senior Superintendent of Police, Director (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Junior Administrative Grade(Pay-Band-3) Deputy Commissioner of Police, also designated as Senior Superintendent in certain States such as UP and Punjab INR15,600-INR39,100 plus grade pay of INR7600 Superintendent of Police, Deputy Secretary (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Senior Time Scale (Pay-Band-3) Deputy Commissioner of Police / Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police INR15,600-INR39,100 plus grade pay of INR6600 Additional Superintendent of Police – if placed as such
Junior Time Scale(Pay-Band-3) Assistant Commissioner of Police INR15,600-INR39,100 plus grade pay of INR5400 Deputy Superintendent of Police, Circle Officer, Senior Field Officer (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)

Ranks and insignia

Main article: List of police ranks in India

Ranks of the IPS

All State Police Services officers of and above the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) or Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) in State Police and Metropolitan Police forces respectively.[9]
  • National Emblem above Crossed Sword and Baton
  • One Star above Crossed Sword and Baton
  • National Emblem above three stars in a triangle
  • National Emblem above two stars
  • Deputy Commissioner of Police (Selection grade) or Senior Superintendent of Police in selection grade with 13+ years of service (IPS officers posted in insurgency infested states such as J&K also wear this rank before 13 years of service to facilitate coordination and interaction with Commanding Officers of paramilitary and the Indian Army. [1]
  • Deputy Secretary(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
  • Other officers above selection grade
  • National Emblem above one-star
  • National Emblem
  • Three stars
  • Two stars
  • Indian Police Service officer probationary rank with 2 years of service
  • One-star

Reforms

India's police continue to be governed by an archaic and colonial police law passed in 1861. The Indian Constitution makes policing a state subject and therefore the state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act.
Repeated major incidents, (latest of them being 2012 Delhi gang rape case) revealed failure of police to uphold the rule of law.[11][12]
The need for reform of police in India has been long recognised. There has been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reforms have recommended major reforms in the police system coupled with systematic accountability.[13][14]

National Police Commission (1977-81)

National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the Indian government to report on policing. The National Police Commission began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and 1981.[15]

Ribeiro Committee (1998-99)

See also: J. F. Ribeiro
In 1996, two former senior police officers filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court, asking for the Court to direct governments to implement the recommendations of the National Police Commission. The Supreme Court directed the government to set up a committee to review the Commission's recommendations, and thus the Ribeiro Committee was formed. The Committee, under the leadership of J. F. Ribeiro, a former chief of police, sat over 1998 and 1999, and produced two reports.[15][16]

Padmanabhaiah Committee (2000)

In 2000, the government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union Home Secretary, K. Padmanabhaiah. This Committee released its report in the same year.[15][17]

Soli Sorabjee Committee (2005)

See also: Soli Sorabjee
In 2005, the government put together a group to draft a new police Act for India. It was headed by Soli Sorabjee (former Attorney General). The committee submitted a Model Police Act to the union government in late 2006.[15]

Supreme Court intervention (2006)

In 1996, Prakash Singh (a former Directors General of Police of the states of Assam and subsequently Uttar Pradesh and finally Director General of the Border Security Force) initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India, asking the court to investigate measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006, a bench of Justice Y.K. Sabharwal, Justice C.K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan[18] ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force.[19]
Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India:
  • A mid or high ranking police officer must not be transferred more frequently than every two years.
  • The state government cannot ask the police force to hire someone, nor can they choose the Chief Commissioner.
  • There must be separate departments and staff for investigation and patrolling.
Three new authorities will be created in each state, to prevent political interference in the police and also to make the police accountable for their heavy-handedness,[20] which will include the creation of:
  • A State Security Commission, for policies and direction
  • A Police Establishment Board, which will decide the selection, promotions and transfers of police officers and other staff
  • A Police Complaints Authority, to inquire into allegations of police misconduct.

Follow-up from Supreme Court

In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments,[21] the Supreme Court ordered the state governments to report to it why the reform measures outlined were not implemented.[22] After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court, the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement.Tamil Nadu Police has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum.[23]
Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and Justices SS Nijjar and Jasti Chelameswar asked all state governments and Union territories to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order was passed when Prakash Singh through his lawyer Prashant Bhushan said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet to been implemented by several governments.[24]

Tamil Nadu Police

TAMIL NADU POLICE
தமிழ்நாடு காவல் துறை
Abbreviation TP
Logo TNP.jpg
Emblem of the Tamil Nadu Police.
Motto Truth Alone Triumphs
Agency overview
Formed 1659
Employees 88,218
Volunteers 11,605
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction* State of Tamil Nadu, IN
Size 130,058 square kilometres (50,216 sq mi)
Population 72,138,958
Legal jurisdiction As per operations jurisdiction.
Governing body Govt. of Tamil Nadu
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters Chief Office, Dr. Radha Krishnan Salai, Chennai - 600 004.
Website
Official Site
Footnotes
* Divisional agency: Division of the country, over which the agency has usual operational jurisdiction.

The Tamil Nadu Police Force is the law enforcing agency of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is over 150 years old and is the fifth largest state police force in India.[1] Tamil Nadu has a Police population ratio of 1 : 632.[2]

Administration

A police patrol car in Chennai
The administrative control of Tamil Nadu Police vests with the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu who holds the portfolio of Home Minister. The supervision and coordination of Police is done by the Home Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu police force is headed by Director General of Police (Law & Order), Mr. K. Ramanujam, IPS. He is assisted by the Additional Director General of Police (Law & Order), Mr. T.K. Rajendran , IPS. For administrative purposes, Tamil Nadu is divided into four zones- North, South, West and Central. Each Zone is headed by an Inspector General of Police. They are Mr. P.Kannappan, IPS - (North zone), Mr. Abhay Kumar Singh IPS - (South zone), Mr. M. Ramasubramani IPS - (Central zone), Mr. S. Davidson devasirvatham IPS - (West zone). Inspector General of police is assisted by Deputy Inspector General Of Police. Each district will headed by an Superintendent of Police, but in metropolitan cities like Greater Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Salem, Trichy & Tirunelveli, city police unit will be headed by an City Police Commissioner who will be in the rank of Inspector general of police and rural police force will be headed by rural Superintendent of Police.

Equipment

Mounted police patrol in Chennai
All the equipment for the TNP are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board, Ministry of Defence, Government of India.

City Police, district police & Police Ranges

There are six metropolitan cities and thirty two districts in Tamil Nadu. The metropolitan cities are


Each of the City Police force, has been headed by a COP [Commissioner of Police ] and each districts is headed by an SP [Superintendent of Police].

City comissioners

District superintendent's

  Madurai  - V. Balakrishnan

Special units

The special units of Tamil Nadu Police perform specific functions related to security, intelligence, criminal investigations and support services.[1] They are as follows:
  • Armed Police or Tamil Nadu Special Police
  • Civil Defence and Home Guards
  • Civil Supplies, CID
  • Coastal Security Group
  • Crime Branch, CID
  • Economic Offences Wing
  • Operations - T.N. Commando Force & Commando School
  • Prohibition Enforcement Wing
  • Railway police
  • Social Justice and Human Rights
  • Special Branch, CID including Security
  • Technical Services
  • Special Task Force

Achievements

Decrease in crimes registered in Tamil Nadu
The Tamil Nadu police has various distinctions and honors to its credit. It has the largest strength of women police personnel in the country, the highest number of women police stations in the country, the first women police battalion of special police, the first women Commando Force in the Country, the first established Finger Print Lab in the World, the first Integrated Modern Police Control Room in the country and has the greatest number of computers against other police departments in the Country.[2] The table shown below details on the major crime trends in the state.[3] It can be noted that the overall number of crimes registered has come down steadily over the years.
Crime head 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Murder 1,647 1,487 1,389 1,365 1,273 1,521
Murder for gain 75 104 73 74 89 102
Dacoity 178 95 72 73 95 88
Robbery 650 514 464 437 450 495
Burglary 5,532 4,849 4,147 3,738 3,300 3,717
Theft 18,614 18,213 17,530 15,851 13,651 13,717
Total 26,696 25,262 23,675 21,538 18,858 19,410

Photo gallery

Shooting team

Riders

  • DISPLAY 1
  • DISPLAY 2
  • DISPLAY 3
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